2026-07-15

Ingest — vegetarian diet and all-cause mortality

User-requested review of whether a vegetarian or vegan diet reduces all-cause mortality relative to a meat-inclusive diet after accounting for saturated/unsaturated fat and other dietary factors.

• Added vegetarian-diet as the canonical intervention page.
• Wiki-first search reviewed mediterranean-diet, dietary-fat-quality, and protein-intake.
• Independent RCT and cohort evidence reviews searched literature through 2026-07-15.
• No mortality-powered RCT was found that compares a nutritionally optimized vegetarian/vegan diet with an otherwise equivalent meat-inclusive diet.
• Direct no-meat RCTs were classified as surrogate-endpoint evidence; long dietary-endpoint RCTs were kept separate because they test multi-component, meat-inclusive patterns.
• Cohort findings were separated by processed meat, unprocessed red meat, poultry, and fish, with statistical fat adjustment explicitly distinguished from experimental control.
• Propagated a comparison link to mediterranean-diet.
• Verification corrected NEW Soul’s primary outcomes to no significant between-group difference, narrowed CARDIVEG to the published first three-month phase, and corrected the EPIC-Oxford fish/vegetarian/vegan mortality estimates.
• Supersession search found a consistent 2026 observational substitution meta-analysis (nine cohorts; n=1,036,799; all-cause mortality HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87–0.94; I²=77%), which was added with its observational limitation.
• Corrected the Cochrane 2020 pub3 PMID pairing on dietary-fat-quality from 32428300 to 32827219.

Verification status: verified: true with explicit partial scope. Primary full texts were checked where accessible; CARDIVEG, Ornish, CORDIOPREV, Steen 2025, and Barrantes-Espinola 2026 were checked against publisher/PubMed records without an independently accessible full-text copy. clinical-trials-active remains unpopulated.