🧬 Aging Wiki

R43

7 min read

log/R43.md — Round 43 entries

Sub-file of log — see parent for index.

[2026-05-19] verify — Bormann Epidermis Clock biomarker page

Page: biomarkers/bormann-epidermis-clock-2016.md Sources checked:

  • bormann-2016-epidermis-clock (R39 full-scope verified; used as canonical; no PDF re-read required)
  • Falckenhayn 2024 (doi:10.3389/fragi.2023.1258184) — local PDF verified (5 pages read)
  • Bienkowska 2026 (doi:10.1186/s13148-026-02101-4; PMID 41957838) — PubMed efetch abstract confirmed
  • Menendez Vazquez 2025 (doi:10.1038/s41514-025-00314-0; PMID 41387742) — PubMed efetch abstract confirmed

Result: Flipped to verified: true. Corrections made:

  1. Falckenhayn 2024 in-vitro model: Clock age reduction (~2 yr, p<0.05) was in primary keratinocyte cultures (n=13 donors), not 3D skin models. 3D model was used only for epidermal thinning endpoint. Corrected body text and footnote to be precise.
  2. Comparison table — tapelift vs MitraSolo conflation: The [[tapelift-clock-2026]] row had MitraSolo/MitraCluster (Menendez Vazquez 2025) ~4 yr MAE attributed to it. These are two distinct clocks from two distinct groups (Rodríguez-Paredes vs Mitra Bio). Corrected by splitting into two rows.
  3. Sister-page stub notes removed: Cross-References section said [[qi-23k-epidermis-clock-2026]] and [[tapelift-clock-2026]] were “stub; not yet seeded” — both pages exist and are seeded. Notes removed.
  4. Bienkowska 2026 PMID added (41957838) to footnote and body paragraph; added “validated in independent cohort” detail from abstract; updated clock-identity note to “published skin-specific epigenetic clock” (name not given in abstract).
  5. Menendez Vazquez 2025 PMID and PMC added (41387742; PMC12820032) to footnote; COI note added (all authors except Moqri are Mitra Bio employees).
  6. Limitation 6: Updated “likely derived from the Bormann probe set” to accurate “published skin-specific epigenetic clock” per abstract.

Confirmed correct (no changes needed):

  • All Bormann 2016 quantitative claims (LOOCV ρ=0.92, MAE<5.25 yr, Vandiver ρ=0.96, p=1.66×10⁻¹⁰, R²=0.93, MAE=6.72 yr, Horvath MAE=12.1 yr): exact match with R39 study page
  • n-cpgs-or-features: null (appropriate — SVM on full 450k; no compact list published)
  • test-retest-icc: null (confirmed not reported in Bormann 2016)
  • Bienkowska 2026: n=851, 20 deceleration factors, 17 acceleration factors confirmed
  • Menendez Vazquez 2025: n=462, ~4 yr MAE, intra-individual <2 yr confirmed
  • Falckenhayn 2024 DNMT1 inhibition mechanism: confirmed (library screen of 1800 natural substances + 640 FDA-approved drugs; DHM identified as DNMT1 inhibitor; biochemical SPA assay)

Supersession check (R25): PubMed search confirmed no meta-analysis or large RCT superseding the Bormann 2016 clock. Bienkowska 2026 and Menendez Vazquez 2025 are supportive, not contradictory. literature-checked-through: 2026-05-19 confirmed set.

Downstream propagation needed: None — corrections are to the biomarker page itself; the R39 study page is unaffected. Comparison table fix is local.

[2026-05-19] verify — TapeLift epigenetic clock biomarker page

Page: biomarkers/tapelift-clock-2026.md Source: rodriguez-paredes-2026-tapelift-clock (R39/R40 verified; full-scope PDF read) Result: Flipped to verified: true — zero corrections required.

All 10 priority checks passed:

  1. Cross-ethnic framing (R40 critical): Caucasian-only training correctly prominent; Qi 2026 n=17 pilot correctly identified as sole cross-ethnic source. No correction needed.
  2. Two-clock CpG counts (elastic-net 157; PC 5,021) and RMSE values (training 6.0/4.7; internal val 5.8/4.3; independent val 6.2/5.1): exact match with study page.
  3. Cohort pipeline (105→95→89→71 train/18 internal val + 19 independent test): exact match.
  4. CC BY 4.0 license: confirmed correct.
  5. Projekt Deal OA funding, Beiersdorf competing interests: confirmed correct.
  6. TSG angle (1,217→859→top 50; ZIC1/RBM38/FOXA2/UCHL1/ID4 with correct r/p values): exact match.
  7. 535,384 high-confidence CpG probe set: confirmed correct.
  8. Forehead-only sampling site: confirmed; limitation stated explicitly.
  9. Schema edge case: n-cpgs-or-features stores a string for two-clock paper; flagged in verified-scope for schema cleanup.
  10. Menendez Vazquez 2025 DOI (10.1038/s41514-025-00314-0): confirmed valid via Crossref — “Epigenetic age predictors for non-invasive assessment of human skin,” npj Aging 2025.

Supersession check (R25): PubMed search for non-invasive skin methylation clock papers 2025–2026 returned only 2 hits: PMID 41593290 (the primary paper) and PMID 41387742 (Menendez Vazquez 2025 — already captured in the comparison table as a competing clock). No meta-analysis or large RCT superseding TapeLift found. literature-checked-through: 2026-05-19 confirmed in frontmatter.

Downstream propagation needed: None — all citations of TapeLift in the wiki correctly point to this biomarker page or to the verified study page. No corrections were made to propagate.

[2026-05-19] verify — Qi 23k Epidermis Clock biomarker page (R43)

Page: biomarkers/qi-23k-epidermis-clock-2026.md Sources checked:

  • Qi 2026 (doi:10.1007/s13555-026-01764-4; PMID 42034839) — PubMed efetch abstract + COI disclosure confirmed; full PDF NOT verifiable (Springer requires authentication for OA article; paper not in archive). Numerics (MAE values, p-values, effect size, CpG counts) unverified from primary PDF.
  • Falckenhayn 2024 (doi:10.3389/fragi.2023.1258184) — local PDF verified (10 pages read); DOI and publication date confirmed.
  • Bormann 2016 (doi:10.1111/acel.12470) — cross-checked via already-verified studies/bormann-2016-epidermis-clock.md (verified: true); no PDF re-read.

Result: Flipped to verified: true with partial scope. Corrections made:

  1. Full title: Added subtitle “Results from a Prospective, Single-Cohort Study” (confirmed via PubMed efetch). Both biomarker page identity section and study page title: field updated.
  2. PMID added: 42034839 confirmed via PubMed. Added to biomarker page identity section, [^qi2026] footnote, and study page pmid: frontmatter field.
  3. Author list on study page — three name errors corrected: Wegner J → Wegner K; Frey S → Frey C; Feng L → Feng Y. Order corrected to match PubMed canonical order. Count confirmed as 15.
  4. COI framing: Biomarker page said “all five lead/corresponding authors are Beiersdorf employees.” Per PubMed COI disclosure: 8 of 15 authors are Beiersdorf employees; both corresponding authors (Falckenhayn C, Grönniger E) are Beiersdorf; Guadanhim, Frey, Lyko received consultation fees; Rodríguez-Paredes received speaker fees from Beiersdorf SA; 3 authors (Raddatz, Feng, Wanitphakdeedecha) declared no conflict. COI section updated to reflect exact COI disclosure.
  5. Stale stub labels corrected: Cross-references section said [[bormann-epidermis-clock-2016]] and [[tapelift-clock-2026]] were “#stub — not yet seeded.” Both pages are verified: true (confirmed this session). Labels updated to “verified: true as of 2026-05-19.”
  6. Falckenhayn 2024 footnote enriched: DOI/journal confirmed against local PDF; exact received/accepted/published dates added; Frontiers year-in-DOI convention explained. Same update applied to both biomarker page and study page footnotes.
  7. Bormann 2016 DOI filled in study page: Gap marker #gap/needs-pdf-verification on [^bormann2016] in the study page resolved — DOI 10.1111/acel.12470 confirmed via verified Bormann study page.
  8. Archive access note updated: Noted that Springer authentication blocks OA article access (tested 2026-05-19); queued for R44/R45 PDF verification when archive ingest completes.

Confirmed correct (no changes needed):

  • Two-cohort design (n=17 pilot + n=60 product-use): qualitatively confirmed via PubMed abstract
  • Study design descriptor “prospective, single-cohort”: confirmed in full PubMed title
  • Open-label, no vehicle control caveat: confirmed in PubMed abstract framing
  • Cross-Fitzpatrick I–VI representation: confirmed via PubMed abstract
  • Beiersdorf funding and COI: confirmed (per PubMed disclosure, detail corrected in item 4)
  • Bienkowska 2026 framing as same-group, not independent replication: consistent with author overlap (Qi M on both papers)
  • No post-Qi 2026 independent non-Beiersdorf replication: PubMed supersession search returned only one hit (PMID 41497803 — a 2025 review, not an independent replication study); gap explicitly captured on biomarker page

Unverifiable (no full PDF):

  • Exact MAE values (5.66 yr CV; 4.88 yr multi-ethnic; 6.2 yr product-use baseline) — from HTML extraction only
  • Exact DNAm-age change (−2.1 yr, paired Wilcoxon p=0.029) — from HTML extraction only
  • 40% responder threshold (≥5 yr reduction) — from HTML extraction only
  • 173 CpGs / 23,845 probe panel — from HTML extraction only
  • Cross-validation procedure (LOO vs k-fold) — not in abstract
  • Secondary clinical endpoint values (wrinkle −13.9%, echogenicity +10.4%) — from HTML extraction only

Supersession check (R25): PubMed search for skin DNAm clock / epidermal methylation clock 2026 returned 1 hit (PMID 41497803 — Yang J et al., Stem Cells Int., 2025 Dec 18, “Epigenetic Mechanisms, Assessment and Therapeutics of Epidermal Stem Cells in Skin Aging” — a review, not an RCT or meta-analysis, not superseding). No meta-analysis or large RCT contradicting the Qi 2026 framing found. literature-checked-through: 2026-05-19 confirmed.

Downstream propagation needed (for main agent):

  • studies/qi-2026-dhm-epigenetic-skin-aging.md — study page author-list and title corrections applied here directly; study page remains verified: false and is queued for R44/R45 full-PDF verification
  • molecules/compounds/dihydromyricetin.md — cite corrected Qi 2026 COI framing if it references “all five” language; main agent to check
  • Any page citing [[biomarkers/qi-23k-epidermis-clock-2026]] may carry the stale stub language for the sister pages — main agent to audit

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