Pancreas

stub — Seeded as a structural anchor for the endocrine-system (with exocrine overlap into the digestive-system); not yet written out.

The pancreas has dual function: exocrine (digestive enzymes) and endocrine (the islets of Langerhans — β-cells secrete insulin, α-cells glucagon). The aging-relevant biology centers on β-cell aging: accumulation of senescent β-cells, declining proliferative reserve, impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and islet amyloid — all contributing to age-related glucose intolerance and type-2-diabetes.

See also